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The Cider House Rules書中很吸引我的一處(尤其對我這樣的一個書呆子而言),是Dr. Larch每晚睡前都會為孤兒們唸二十分鐘的書,他唸的是兩本有關孤兒的書:Charles DickensGreat ExpectationsDavid Copperfield。後來睡前為孤兒們朗讀成為Homer的工作,這兩本書也影響他至深,例如孤兒院外的濃霧與水氣總是讓他想起書裡的孤兒Pip離開家鄉時看到的”the mists had all solemnly risen”,他並觀察懷孕母親生產或墮胎後落寞地離開孤兒院的神情,在Homer的心中,這些雲煙總是掩護而使孤兒的父母悄悄地離開。另外,David Copperfield這本書的第一句話:「Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.」也是一再出現,更是Homer第一次進行墮胎手術前背誦的一段話。
因為Dickens的文字一再地在書中出現,我幾乎可以斷定Dickens一定是John Irving很喜愛的作者,並且也被激起好奇心。Dickens寫的David Copperfield就是我們耳熟能詳的「塊肉餘生記」,我想小時候一定唸過東方出版社的節錄版本,但是不記得有多喜歡。那時我寧願鑽在亞森羅蘋的偵探世界裡,對古典名著沒什麼興趣。但是這幾年來唸了許多古典小說,例如簡愛、The Lord of the RingsWar and Peace,以及Jane Austen的傲慢與偏見等等,對這些「古書」深深著迷,我喜歡那時代用的文字、對話,(例如我很喜歡他們說話前加個”Surely…”)以及對人物的描述,每一陣子就會再找些來看。既然The Cider House Rules一再提起Dickens的兩本小說,我想就從這兩本下手吧。
 
去書店時,發現David CopperfieldGreat Expectations厚很多。我想了想,決定從頁數較少的Great Expectations先看,若是能接受,再回來買David Copperfield
 
我猜測John Irving喜歡Dickens的書,果然沒錯,Great Expectations的書後就有他寫的評語,最近我去翻John Irving新出的書,後頁也稱Irving”American’s Dickens”。我覺得雖然他們的筆觸都非常的細膩,但他們說故事的筆法是非常不同的。Irving的故事像是如歌的行板,又像是輕拂樹梢的微風,自然而不著力。DickensGreat Expectation則是充滿夢幻的氣息,有些情節詭異的像是夢一樣,他的人物個性特別的鮮明,幾乎要浮出紙面一般,比起Irving的書,感受的力場更強。
 
Great Expectations說的是孤兒Pip的故事,展開序幕的地方是陰森的墳場,他在那裡被一個逃犯威脅第二天(聖誕節)要帶食物來,並且不得和家人說。一個小說如此開頭,黑暗的讓人毛骨悚然。直到Pip回到家,我們才認識撫養他的姊姊有多麼的性情暴躁且言語尖銳。與之對比的,則是溫柔敦厚的姊夫Joe,雖然不敢公然頂撞妻子,卻總是無所不在的關心護衛著Pip
 
Pip偷了食物去給逃犯後的聖誕節那天,心中受著罪惡感的煎熬、與被發覺的危機感,又加上姊姊的客人對Pip的評語總是尖酸諷刺,讓他吃飯吃的很不好受。Dickens用以下的段落,來形容關心Pip的老實漢Joe
 
“Joe's station and influence were something feebler (if possible) when there was company, than when there was none.  But he always aided and comforted me when he could, in some way of his own, and he always did so at dinner-time by giving me gravy, if there were any.  There being plenty of gravy to-day, Joe spooned into my plate, at this point, about half a pint.
 
接下去的段落,當Pip在那頓飯倍受言語攻擊時,就會出現一個段落:
 
Joe gave me some more gravy.
 
這樣的重複寫法非常幽默,到了最後,Pip甚至開始害怕接受gravy了。哈哈。
 
逃犯章節之後,Pip又進入了另一個故事情節,更加匪夷所思。一個有錢人的家裡,窗簾拉的嚴嚴的不見天日,家裡的時鐘全都停在八點四十分,一位幽靈般的老太太仍穿著數十年前時間停止時穿的結婚禮服。只是如今花已凋萎、人已乾枯、禮服已泛黃。另外陪伴這位老太太Miss Havisham的則是豔麗逼人的女孩Estella,一下就奪取了鄉下孩子Pip的心。在一次次Pip奉命來拜訪老太太,又得在她面前與Estella玩牌的時日中,因為一再被Estella嘲笑,他開始想要識字,幻想著有日能進入較高級仕紳的階層,並開始對當Joe的鐵匠學徒感到厭煩。
 
沒想到有天,一位律師出現在他們聚集的酒吧,宣佈有人願意資助Pip去倫敦唸書,要讓Pip成為一個noblemanPip猜測這位高人是Miss Havisham,幻想著這是未來能與Estella結婚的康莊大道,義無反顧的踏上了下一個人生的階段。
 
描寫Pip急於踏上另一人生階段,但離家時又捨不得Joe的矛盾心情,是非常動人的一段,任何離家過的人都能在Pip的柔腸百轉之際看到自己的影子。我在一篇日記中已描述過,這裡就抄一下這段。John Irving藉著Homer,也一再重溫Great Expectations的這一段,想來被觸及心事的人,不只我一個。
 
“So subdued I was by those tears, and by their breaking out again in the course of the quiet walk, that when I was on the coach, and it was clear of the town, I deliberated with an aching heart whether I would not get down when we changed horses and walk back, and have another evening at home, and a better parting. We changed, and I had not made up my mind, and still reflected for my comfort that it would be quite practicable to get down and walk back, when we changed again. And while I was occupied with these deliberations, I would fancy an exact resemblance to Joe in some man coming along the road towards us, and my heart would beat high. - As if he could possibly be there!

We changed again, and yet again, and it was now too late and too far to go back, and I went on. And the mists had all solemnly risen now, and the world lay spread before me.
 
Pip去了倫敦之後,認識了許多有趣的人物,迷失於花花世界之中,而Estella也成為人所皆知的名媛,將男人們玩於股掌之上,Pip不棄不離,卻絲毫碰不到冰冷美人的心。在一個暴風雨的夜晚,一個陌生人來敲Pip的門,就此揭開了他的「恩人」的真面目。(配合著屋外的風雨,與Pip心中的驚嚇,實在是讓人心中怦怦亂跳的一個段落。)至此,這本書的節奏加快,在一個又一個環節中解開許多謎題,將Miss Havisham的古怪行為,Estella的身世,以及第一章出現的逃犯,都做出了解釋。唸到這些地方,心中會發出小小的「啊」一聲驚嘆,所有的情節都有了解釋,又銜接的恰到好處,讓人感到十分痛快。
 
聖誕假期結束,我獨自先回家,在四個多鐘頭的飛機與換機過程,一直埋頭看書,因為看到恩人出現以後的章節,所有書前段安排的蛛絲馬跡都開始歸位,讓我驚歎不已,居然唸到飛機開始下降了都毫無知覺,直到輪胎著地了才發現已經到了,這是以往沒有過的經驗。後來等行李遲遲不來,又牽掛著書中的發展,我又掏出了書,在運送行李的轉盤旁站著繼續唸。回到家後,不只晚上唸,睡覺以後三更半夜的又爬起來多讀一章,第二天起床我的鼻子一直黏在書本當中,就這樣一口氣到了早上十一點,整本書都唸完了,好像屏氣了很久,終於可以再度呼吸的感覺。
 
書的後半段,Pip一直甩不開對Estella的迷戀,其實任何人都可看出這個沒有心肝的女人沒有值得愛的地方,但是Pip的癡情只能解釋為「愛情是沒有道理的」。有一段PipEstella的告白,是任何有情人都會為之惻然的:
 
“"Out of my thoughts! You are part of my existence, part of myself. You have been in every line I have ever read, since I first came here, the rough common boy whose poor heart you wounded even then. You have been in every prospect I have ever seen since - on the river, on the sails of the ships, on the marshes, in the clouds, in the light, in the darkness, in the wind, in the woods, in the sea, in the streets. You have been the embodiment of every graceful fancy that my mind has ever become acquainted with. The stones of which the strongest London buildings are made, are not more real, or more impossible to be displaced by your hands, than your presence and influence have been to me, there and everywhere, and will be. Estella, to the last hour of my life, you cannot choose but remain part of my character, part of the little good in me, part of the evil. But, in this separation I associate you only with the good, and I will faithfully hold you to that always, for you must have done me far more good than harm, let me feel now what sharp distress I may. O God bless you, God forgive you!"
 
雖然在Pip的心中,處處都是Estella的影子,卻有另外一個倩影,沒有Estella的豔麗,也沒有她的社會地位,但是她的溫柔、明理、與體貼,卻一直伴隨著Pip。她是與Pip同鄉的Biddy,一開始教Pip認字的人就是她。Pip與她是貼心的好友,當他迷戀著Estella,厭惡自己的身分,開始嫌棄Joe是粗人,都能毫無隱藏的傾訴於Biddy。而她就像是一條清流,不卑不亢,她讓Pip知道粗人沒有什麼不好,地位也沒有什麼重要,可惜這都要後來Pip受到教訓後才能明白。後來Pip的姊姊去世,他又回到家,與Biddy說著以後會常回來拜訪JoeBiddy心中瞭然他說的並不真心,也不願點破,只是用著清亮的眼睛望著他,一切盡在不言中。
 
後來Pip的財富、地位,以及愛情之夢都破滅後,終於了解人世中對他最有意義的兩人是JoeBiddy,他蹣跚地回到自己長大的故鄉,想要告訴Biddy他的愛意,卻只發現Biddy教書的房舍門關著,Joe打鐵的小屋也沒有聲響,唸到此時我的心懸在那裡,不知如何是好,直到結局揭曉,Pip的心又是破碎又是感激,我的眼裡噙著淚,但嘴角又浮著微笑,不得不同意John IrvingGreat Expectations的評價:「”Great Expectations” has the most wonderful and most perfectly worked-out plot for a novel in the English language. 
 
The Cider House RulesGreat Expectations是我在2009年讀的最後兩本書。我想2009年對我的讀書生活最大的貢獻,是又認識了兩位喜愛的作者:John IrvingCharles Dickens2010年希望能多唸點這兩人寫的書,能在他們寫出的世界中自由倘佯,真是極大的幸福。
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